Political scientist Alfred Stepan classified India as a “holding together” federation, as opposed to a “coming together” federation.
Stepan’s concept of federalism differentiates between two main types:
Holding Together Federation: This type of federation is formed by a central authority that unites previously separate entities. The emphasis is on maintaining national unity, and the central government often has more power than the constituent states. India is considered an example of this type due to its historical background, where various kingdoms and princely states were integrated under British rule and then later formed a unified India after independence.
Coming Together Federation: This type of federation is formed by independent states that agree to come together and share some power with a central government. The emphasis is on state autonomy, and the power is typically divided more evenly between the central government and the states. The United States is a classic example of this type, where colonies gained independence and then formed a federal government with clearly defined powers for both federal and state levels.
Political scientist Alfred Stepan classified India as a “holding together” federation, as opposed to a “coming together” federation.
Stepan’s concept of federalism differentiates between two main types:
Holding Together Federation: This type of federation is formed by a central authority that unites previously separate entities. The emphasis is on maintaining national unity, and the central government often has more power than the constituent states. India is considered an example of this type due to its historical background, where various kingdoms and princely states were integrated under British rule and then later formed a unified India after independence.
Coming Together Federation: This type of federation is formed by independent states that agree to come together and share some power with a central government. The emphasis is on state autonomy, and the power is typically divided more evenly between the central government and the states. The United States is a classic example of this type, where colonies gained independence and then formed a federal government with clearly defined powers for both federal and state levels.